These questions have all been asked a thousand times before, and there are a ton of answers to each one. A good place to start is this site's FAQ -> Appendix Z. Most of those terms are defined there. Proceed from there to the 300ZX FAQ. You'll come away knowing more about the Z than you ever thought possible from one section. If you haven't had enough, peruse the AutoFAQ and Tech sections of the site.
Here's your freebie: most people here would recommend you start with a JWT (Jim Wolf Technology) POP-charger for an intake. It's fairly inexpensive and not too hard to install.